Hello, while the sustainability of agriculture is being discussed in Turkey, soybean production, which has a very high economic contribution and was revived with the second product project 35 years ago, has become a product that we depend on abroad. I am of the opinion that soybean agriculture will catch up with the old days with the support of a project to be started in the Central Anatolia Region and the opening of pasture areas to agriculture.
Soybean is an important agricultural product that has become the world's most important source of vegetable protein and oil today. The most important factor that ensures this situation is the genetic improvement of existing genotypes in a continuous breeding cycle.
The homeland of soybeans is China and Manchuria. The countries that grow the most soybeans in the world are USA, China, Russia, Brazil, Indonesia, Korea, Japan and Canada, respectively. Soybean production, which started in the 1950s in our country, is concentrated in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Regions. Although soybean production showed a very rapid increase with the launch of the second product project across the country in 1982, it decreased rapidly from 250 thousand tons of annual soybean production in 1987 and was realized as 29 thousand tons in 2005.
Soybean is one of the cultivated plants with a very high response to ecological conditions in terms of plant growth, yield and quality, and it is a plant that grows in general under 729 mm of precipitation and a total heat requirement of 3600 ºC with a moisture content of 71-74%. It is grown in almost all types of soils . However, the best results are obtained in fertile, clayey or sandy-clay soft soils.
Since soybean is a legume plant, it meets the nitrogen it needs by binding the free nitrogen of the air to the soil, thanks to the Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria living in its roots. In this way, it not only leaves a nitrogen-rich environment for the plant to be planted after it, but also meets its own nitrogen needs. In this way , less nitrogen fertilizer is used.
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For this reason, it is very important to put legumes, which play an important role in increasing the nitrogen content of the soil, in order to meet the nitrogen requirements of the plants, and to raise the awareness of our farmers on this issue . “Soybean would be the right choice for this kind of alternating farming at a time when questions are increasing. On top of that, since some of the mineral nitrogen fertilizers used are removed from the soil by washing and some by denitrification, it is not possible for the plant to benefit from the fertilizers used optimally. As a result of the use of nitrogen fertilizers, the problems arising from the mixing of excess nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogenous wastes into the ground water and drinking water, together with the high increase in yield, are one of the biggest causes of environmental pollution.
Especially in case of excessive nitrate fertilization, nitrogen in the form of nitrate in the soil is taken by vegetables and reduced to nitrite form in vegetables and in humans, causing the conversion of hemoglobin in the blood to methemoglobin (it is one of the abnormal forms of the hemoglobin molecule, it is formed by the oxidation of iron from ferrous form (Fe2+) to ferricform (Fe3+).) thus preventing oxygen transport in the blood. It is known that nitrate, nitrite and some other compounds have carcinogenic effects by converting to nitro enzymes in the digestive systems of humans and animals.
As a result, since it is a conscious and sustainable agriculture that will prevent the extinction of agriculture, urgent soil improvement works should be started in Central Anatolia without wasting time and it should not be forgotten that soybean agriculture is a way of doing this.
Sources
Serkan Sezen